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Beautiful pic of yours setup.

As to your question about water spots. They won't really damage the razor, but they do happen. As long as you dry your razor after each shave, and keep the pivot...

Congrats on shave #2. Nothing wrong with letting the lather dry in your mug or bowl or whatever, but it likely to contribute very little to the next shaving session.

Congrats on your first shave with a straight, and welcome to the community! Great first post!